Apache 2.4 and PHP 5/7

Apache 2.4 Installation

Install apache 2.4

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install apache2

Add one of the two commands to add the user to apache's user group:

$ sudo adduser <user> www-data
$ sudo usermod -a -G www-data <user>

Setup your virtual hosts
Create sub folders in /var/log/apache2 if you setup log files for the virtual hosts in sub folders
Install and configure Let's Encrypt Certbot

PHP Installation

Install packages

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install -y curl wget gnupg2 ca-certificates lsb-release apt-transport-https software-properties-common

Add the SURY repository to your system

$ echo "deb https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/sury-php.list

Import the repository key

$ wget -qO- https://packages.sury.org/php/apt.gpg | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/sury.gpg

Install the desired PHP version, where V is the major and v is the minor version number, for example 5.6 or 7.4
```
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install phpV.v
```

Enable modules:

$ sudo a2enmod ssl
$ sudo a2enmod proxy
$ sudo a2enmod proxy_http
$ sudo a2enmod rewrite

Fix the apt-key deprecation error in Linux

PHP Extensions

PHP extensions for Joomla:

$ sudo apt install phpV.v-{bz2 curl gd mbstring mysql xml zip bcmath} phpV.v-{json}

PHP extensions for Wiki:

$ sudo apt install phpV.v-{bz2 curl gd mbstring mysql xml zip sqlite3} phpV.v-{json}

Restart the service with one of the 2 commands below:
```
$ sudo service apache2 restart
```

Set or change PHP version

Set the desired PHP version for Apache2 and restart the service with one of the 2 commands below:

sudo a2dismod phpV.v 
sudo a2enmod phpV.v
sudo systemctl restart apache2
sudo service apache2 restart

Set the desired PHP version for CLI:

sudo update-alternatives --set php /usr/bin/phpV.v
sudo update-alternatives --set phar /usr/bin/pharV.v
sudo update-alternatives --set phar.phar /usr/bin/phar.pharV.v

Check PHP cli Version
```
php -v
```
Check PHP apache2 Version: call phpinfo(); in a script
Once you have installed a required extension, use the below command to verify it
```
php -m | grep -i mysql
```

How to Switch between Multiple PHP Version on Debian 9

Settings

Harden apache

change ServerTokens and ServerSignature in /etc/apache2/conf.d/security.conf
add Require all granted to your web space, possibly exclude black listed ip addresses, and restrict access to phpmyadmin etc. Put a respective conf file into /etc/apache2/conf.d.

Check ini files

apache2: load a php file with the following content
```
<?php phpinfo();?>
```
cli:
```
php --ini
```

php.ini

max_execution_time = 120
max_input_vars = 2000
memory_limit = 512M
post_max_size = 32M
sys_temp_dir = "/tmp"
upload_tmp_dir = "/tmp"
upload_max_filesize = 16M
date.timezone = Asia/Bangkok

Xdebug

Open terminal and write following command:
```
php -i > /var/www/html/php_info.txt
```
Copy the output from /var/www/html/php_info.txt
Go to the Xdebug: Installation Wizard, and paste the output inside the text box on the page. It will analyze the output and will recommend the most suited package of Xdebug.
Download that package from the output before by clicking on it's name, for example xdebug-3.3.2.tgz
Install the pre-requisites for compiling PHP extensions
```
sudo apt install phpV.v-dev autoconf automake
```

Unpack the downloaded file with tar -xvzf xdebug-3.3.2.tgz within a temp folder, then change to that folder, run phpize and check it's output:

cd xdebug-3.3.2
phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20230831 (8.3)
Zend Module Api No:      20230831
Zend Extension Api No:   420230831

If it does not, you are using the wrong phpize. Please follow this FAQ entry and skip the next step.
Run:
```
./configure
make
```

Copy the module to:

sudo cp modules/xdebug.so /usr/lib/php/20230831

Modify the configuration in /etc/php/{7.2, 7.4}/cli/php.ini for Xdebug 2:
```
zend_extension = /usr/lib/php/20230831/xdebug.so
xdebug.remote_enable=1
xdebug.remote_port=9000 (default: 9000)
xdebug.profiler_enable=0 
xdebug.profiler_enable_trigger=1
xdebug.profiler_output_dir=PATH_TO_PROFILER_OUTPUT_DIR
xdebug.remote_log=PATH_TO_LOG/xdebug.log
```
1. Change the PATH_TO_PROFILER_OUTPUT_DIR to point to the directory you want to receive profiler output. change PATH_TO_LOG to point to the directory where you want to receive xdebug.log.
2. Make sure that zend_extension = /usr/lib/php/20230831/xdebug.so is below the line for OPcache. Please also update php.ini files in adjacent directories (apache2 and cli), as your system might be configured with a separate php.ini file for the web server and command line.
Restart your webserver.
Create a PHP page that has phpinfo(). Load it in a browser and look for the info on the Xdebug module. If you see it next to the Zend logo, you have been successful!
On the command line, you can also php -m. This lists all loaded modules. Xdebug should appear twice there (once under 'PHP Modules' and once under 'Zend Modules').

MariaDB 10.11.6 Installation

Install
```
$ sudo apt install mariadb-server
```
Start MariaDB
```
$ sudo service mariadb start
```
Secure the installation following How to Install MariaDB on Debian 12 Bookworm Distribution
```
$ sudo mariadb-secure-installation
```
Assign a password to root

Dump all databases on the old server

$ sudo mysqldump --all-databases > sql_file.sql

Copy sql_file.sql to the new server and remove databases mysql and phpmyadmin from the dump file, then import with
```
$ sudo mysql < sql_file.sql
```

phpMyAdmin

phpMyAdmin

Windows Subsystem for Linux

For Windows Subsystem for Linux, create a Virtual Host file with document root in /mnt/<drive>/htdocs or similar, if you need to access it through the Windows file system.
You should set the apache user to the one who owns the files in the document root, which helps avoiding problems with permissions on the Windows NTFS file system:
```
export APACHE_RUN_USER=<user>
export APACHE_RUN_GROUP=<user>
```

Restart apache and remove session variables if any:

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
rm /var/lib/php/sessions/*

You can check the current apache user with:

ps -ef | egrep '(httpd|apache2|apache)' | grep -v `whoami` | grep -v root | head -n1 | awk '{print $1}'

Replace the apache default user and group permissions of www-data with the one of <user>. run:

sudo chown root:<user> /var/lib/phpmyadmin/blowfish_secret.inc.php
sudo chown -R <user>:<user> /var/lib/tmp
sudo chown root:<user> /etc/phpmyadmin/config-db.php

Check permissions of the folder containing the http files according to “Failed to Enumerate Objects in the Container” Windows 10 Error. Most importantly, make sure all files are owned by the same user. Run a (windows) command shell on the windows path of that folder as administrator and run:
```
takeown /F X:\FULL_PATH_TO_FOLDER
takeown /F X:\FULL_PATH_TO_FOLDER /r /d y
icacls X:\FULL_PATH_TO_FOLDER /grant Administrators:F
icacls X:\FULL_PATH_TO_FOLDER /grant Administrators:F /t
```

apache2 settings

MaxRequestedWorkers

Modify /etc/apache2/mods-available/mdm-prefork.conf and restart apache2

$ sudo apache2ctl -V | grep MPM
vim /etc/apache2/mods-available/mdm-prefork.conf
  MaxRequestedWorkers 400
  ServerLimit 400
$ sudo service apache2 restart

Links

SSL for localhost

Ignore invalid certificates

You can just use the default ssl conf file in /etc/apache2/sites-available which makes use of the snakeoil certificate. Modify DocumentRoot and add Directory permissions.
Paste this in chrome, enable, and chrome will ignore invalid certificates for localhost:
```
chrome://flags/#allow-insecure-localhost
```

Create certificate for localhost

Make a folder to keep your certificate files and change to that folder, for example ~/certs/ssl.

Generate RootCA.pem, RootCA.key & RootCA.crt:

openssl req -x509 -nodes -new -sha256 -days 1024 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout RootCA.key -out RootCA.pem -subj "/C=US/CN=Example-Root-CA"
openssl x509 -outform pem -in RootCA.pem -out RootCA.crt

Create a file domains.ext that lists all your local domains:

authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
keyUsage = digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[alt_names]
DNS.1 = localhost
DNS.2 = localhost.yourdomain.tld
DNS.3 = machine1.yourdomain.tld
DNS.4 = machine2.yourdomain.tld

Generate localhost.key, localhost.csr, and localhost.crt:

openssl req -new -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout localhost.key -out localhost.csr -subj "/C=US/ST=YourState/L=YourCity/O=Example-Certificates/CN=localhost.local"
openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 1024 -in localhost.csr -CA RootCA.pem -CAkey RootCA.key -CAcreateserial -extfile domains.ext -out localhost.crt

Configure Apache:

SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile "/home/user/certs/ssl/localhost.crt"
SSLCertificateKeyFile "/home/user/certs/ssl/localhost.key"

Restart Apache
At this point, the site would load with a warning about self-signed certificates. In order to get a green lock, your new local CA has to be added to the trusted Root Certificate Authorities in your OS or browser.
- For Windows 10 Chrome & Edge: Windows 10 recognizes .crt files, so you can right-click and open RootCA.crt.
- Select Install Certificate…, select Local Machine, then select Trusted Root Certification Authorities and confirm.
- You might need to clear cookies and cache for the browser to pick up the certificate from the server
If you want to utilitze the certificate for an Endian Firewall, do the following:
- Rename the files server.crt, server.csr, and server.key in folder /etc/httpd and etc/httpd/cert
- Copy the newly generate certificate files localhost.crt, localhost.csr, and localhost.key to server.crt, server.csr, and server.key in folder /etc/httpd
- Copy the newly generate certificate file localhost.crt to server.crt in folder /etc/httpd/certs and append the parameters from the renamed original server.crt file
- Restart httpd
- You can check the domain names included in the original certificate:
```
openssl x509 -text < $CERT_FILE
```

Links

Proxy

* Setup a VirtualHost on your main apache server, which for this example is now called “proxy”. * There needs to be another (regular) VirtualHost file on the backuppc server, which for this example is now called “host”. * The SSL certificates are served from the “proxy” through access to https://sub.domain.tld * The “host” serves an unencrypted site through port 80. This assumes your local network is secure.

VirtualHost on the "proxy" server

* sub.domain.tld: external domain name with which you access the “host” behind the “proxy” * host.yourdomain.tld: internal domain name of your “host”. You may also choose to have both names the same.

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName sub.domain.tld
    Redirect 301 / https://sub.domain.tld
<VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName sub.domain.tld
    ServerAdmin you@domain.tld
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/yoursite
    
    SSLEngine on
    RedirectMatch ^/$ /yourapp/ # use this if backuppc is not the default app, or if you need to access another app on the same server
    
    <Location "/yourapp/">
          ProxyPass "http://host.yourdomain.tld/yourapp/"
          ProxyPassReverse "http://host.yourdomain.tld/yourapp/"
          Require all granted
    </Location>
    
    # add other options such as Files and Directory permissions
    
    Include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-apache.conf
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/sub.domain.tld/fullchain.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/sub.domain.tld/privkey.pem
</VirtualHost>

Table of Contents

Apache 2.4 and PHP 5/7

Apache 2.4 Installation

PHP Installation

PHP Extensions

Set or change PHP version

Settings

Harden apache

Check ini files

php.ini

Xdebug

MariaDB 10.11.6 Installation

phpMyAdmin

Windows Subsystem for Linux

apache2 settings

MaxRequestedWorkers

Links

SSL for localhost

Ignore invalid certificates

Create certificate for localhost

Links

Proxy

VirtualHost on the "proxy" server

Links

Links

Know How