To upgrade the Guest Additions after upgrading the VirtualBox version, download the guest additions pack, shut down all virtual machines then start VirtualBox as root
sudo virtualbox
After installing the Guest Additions, close VirtualBox and restart it under your user account
Install Guest Additions on a Debian 11 host
The following steps need to be taken inside the VM
Add the following line to /etc/apt/sources.list.d:
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stretch-backports main contrib