Table of Contents

CLI Basic Commands

File Management

To edit a text file (using vi)

For info on how to use vi see Basic commands for Linux vi Editor 

vi /location_of_file/file_name

To go to a directory

cd /directoryName

Make a directory

mkdir /directoryName

List contents of Directory

dir

Count the number of files in the current Directory and its sub-directories

find . -type f | wc -l

Check size of Directory and sub-directories

du -ah /path/to/dir

Find a file

find / -name fileName

Delete a file

rm fileName

Delete a directory and its content

rm -r directoryName

*Note: Use this command with great care

Move or Rename a file

mv /sourceDirectory/sourceFile /destination

Copy a file

cp /sourceDirectory/sourceFile /destination

Copy groups of file s

cp /sourceDirectory/*.* /destination

Copy a directory and any sub directories

cp -r -p /sourceDirectory /destinationpath

Create a uncompressed tar (.tar) archive

To create a uncompressed (.tar) archive of all files directories and subdirectories in the current directory: 

tar -cvf archivefilename.tar *

Create a compressed tar (.tgz) archive

To create a compressed (.tgz) archive of all files directories and subdirectories in the current directory: 

tar -cvzf archivefilename.tgz *

Unpack .tar archives

For uncompressed .tar archives: 

tar xvf file.tar

Unpack .tar.gz archives

For gzip compressed .tar.gz archives: 

tar xvzf file.tar.gz

System Management

Reboot the Synology box=

reboot

Shutdown the Synology box

poweroff

Stop a process

kill processID

Stop a program

killall programName

Display most current processes running

top

Report disk space usage

df

Show all current processes

ps

Show currently open ports and their status

netstat -an

Change Logged in user

If you are logged in as root you can open a new shell as if you just logged in as another user, substitute xxx with the user name. To return to root session use “exit” 

su – xxx

Install a ipkg program package

Note: This assumes you have already installed ipkg itself. 

ipkg install fileName

Uninstall a ipkg program package

ipkg remove filename

Restart Services

apache

/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S97apache-user.sh restart

appletalk

/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S81atalk.sh restart

cron

/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S04crond.sh stop
/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S04crond.sh start

ftp

/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S99ftpd.sh restart

index

/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S66synoindexd.sh restart

itunes

/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S99itunes.sh restart

mysql

/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S21mysql.sh restart

nfs

/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S83nfsd.sh restart

postgresql

/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S20pgsql.sh restart

samba

/usr/syno/etc/rc.d/S80samba.sh restart

SSH

/usr/syno/etc.defaults/rc.d/S95sshd.sh restart

System Information

Check system memory info

cat /proc/meminfo

Check CPU Info

cat /proc/cpuinfo

Check Interrupts in use

cat /proc/interrupts

Check File Systems in use

cat /proc/filesystems

Comprehensive information on the file system format

tune2fs -l /dev/hda3

Check Linux Version

cat /proc/version

Check RAID Devices

cat /proc/mdstat

Check Enviroment Variables

env

Check what physical and logical disks/partitions you have

For multibay NASs and more info 

cat /proc/diskstats

or for all NAS types 

cat /proc/partitions

or for similar but different info 

fdisk -l

Miscellaneous

Clear terminal screen

clear

DSM Version 4.0 uses 1.16.1 with linux kernel 2.6.32.12

Credits

This howto was taken from Basic commands to get around the Synology Box using the CLI

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